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Introduction to SQL - Part 11- SQL Clauses

 SQL Clauses


GROUP BY

  • SQL GROUP BY statement is used to arrange identical data into groups.
  • The GROUP BY statement is used with the SQL SELECT statement.
  • The GROUP BY statement follows the WHERE clause in a SELECT statement and precedes the ORDER BY clause.
  • The GROUP BY statement is used with aggregation function.

Syntax

    SELECT column
    FROM table_name
    WHERE conditions
    GROUP BY column
    ORDER BY column

Example

    SELECT COMPANY, COUNT(*)
    FROM PRODUCT_MAST
    GROUP BY COMPANY

HAVING

  • HAVING clause is used to specify a search condition for a group or an aggregate.
  • Having is used in a GROUP BY clause. If you are not using GROUP BY clause then you can use HAVING function like a WHERE clause
Syntax

    SELECT column1, column2 FRO
    M table_name
    WHERE conditions
    GROUP BY column1, column2
    AVING conditions
    ORDER BY column1, column2;

Example

    SELECT COMPANY, COUNT(*)
    FROM PRODUCT_MAST
    GOUP BY COMPANY
    HAVING COUNT(*)>2;

ORDER BY

  • The ORDER BY clause sorts the result-set in ascending or descending order.
  • It sorts the records in ascending order by default. DESC keyword is used to sort the records in descending order.

Syntax

    SELECT column1, column2
    FROM table_name
    WHERE condition
    ORDER BY column1, column2... AS
    C|DESC;

Example

    SELECT *
    FROM CUSTOMER
    ORDER BY NAME;
    OR
    SELECT *
    FROM CUSTOMER
    ER BY NAME DESC;

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